Peripheral Nerve Injuries/Nerve Pain

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Peripheral nerves in the hand and wrist play a vital role in providing sensation and motor control to the fingers and palm. When these nerves are injured or compressed, it can lead to chronic pain, weakness, and loss of function. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving outcomes and preventing long-term damage.

Types of Peripheral Nerve Injuries

As a hand and wrist orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Fort specializes in treating peripheral nerve injuries such as the following:

Nerve Lacerations: Contact with sharp objects can result in lacerations that may sever peripheral nerves, resulting in numbness, weakness, or loss of function in the affected area. Treatment typically involves surgical repair to reconnect the nerve and restore sensation and movement.
Nerve Compression: Compression injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, occur when a peripheral nerve is compressed by surrounding tissues. Symptoms may include pain, tingling, and numbness in the fingers or palm. Treatment often involves splinting, physical therapy, or surgery to relieve pressure on the compressed nerve.
Traumatic Nerve Injuries: Direct trauma to the hand or wrist, such as a fracture or dislocation, can damage the peripheral nerves and cause pain and motor or sensory deficits. Some cases may require surgical intervention to repair the damaged nerve.
Repetitive Strain Injuries: Prolonged repetitive motions, such as typing or using hand tools, can irritate or inflame peripheral nerves in the wrist and hand. The resulting symptoms (pain, tingling, and weakness) may worsen over time if the injury is left untreated.

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Treatments

The treatment for peripheral nerve injuries depends on the type and severity of the injury. Early intervention is critical for the best outcomes.

Rest and Immobilization: In cases of mild nerve compression or repetitive strain injuries, rest and immobilization can help reduce nerve irritation. Splints or braces may be used to keep the wrist in a neutral position so that inflammation can resolve and the nerve can heal.
Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce inflammation and pain for most peripheral nerve injuries.
Surgery: Surgical intervention is often required for severe nerve injuries (such as lacerations), as well as in cases where conservative treatments fail to provide relief. Techniques may involve repairing severed nerves, decompressing trapped nerves, or grafting nerves to restore function. Post-surgical rehabilitation is also important to ensure a full recovery.
Physical Therapy: In addition to other treatments (including surgery), physical therapy is often essential to restore strength, flexibility, and coordination. This may involve exercises to retrain the muscles and improve nerve function.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are some causes of peripheral nerve injuries in the hand and wrist?

Peripheral nerve injuries are often caused by trauma (such as cuts or fractures), repetitive strain from activities like typing or manual labor, and compression injuries (such as carpal tunnel syndrome). Certain medical conditions (like diabetes) may also contribute to nerve damage.

How are peripheral nerve injuries diagnosed?

Diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries involves a physical examination to assess sensation, strength, and reflexes in the hand and wrist. Additional tests, such as nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG), may be used to evaluate nerve function and pinpoint the location of the injury.

Can nerve injuries heal on their own?

Some minor nerve injuries can heal on their own over time with rest and proper care. However, severe injuries like nerve lacerations or chronic nerve compressions often require surgical intervention to achieve full recovery.

How long does it take to recover from a peripheral nerve injury?

Recovery time depends on the type and severity of the injury. Mild cases may resolve in weeks with conservative treatment, while recovery from surgery or severe injuries can take several months. Physical therapy plays a key role in ensuring optimal recovery.

Can peripheral nerve injuries be prevented?

While not all nerve injuries can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by using ergonomic tools, taking regular breaks during repetitive tasks, and wearing protective gear during high-risk activities. Managing underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, is also important for nerve health.

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